Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha, is a mesmerising city where history, mythology, and architecture come together in a breathtaking symphony. Known as the “City of Temples,” Bhubaneswar is home to over 700 ancient temples, each narrating tales of devotion and architectural brilliance. These sacred structures, some dating back to the 7th century, reflect the evolution of Kalinga-style temple architecture and remain vital places of worship for Hindus today.
For travellers with a penchant for history, culture, and spirituality, Bhubaneswar’s temples are a must-visit. From the grandeur of the Lingaraj Temple to the intricate carvings of the Mukteshwar Temple and the celestial aura of the Sun Temple at Konark, these temples promise a journey through time. Here are the top five temples that deserve a place on your itinerary.
1. Lingaraj Temple – The Pinnacle of Kalinga Architecture
Photo © Siva Seshappan | Pexels
Standing as the most iconic landmark of Bhubaneswar, Lingaraj Temple is a magnificent tribute to Lord Shiva, worshipped here as Harihara, a unique blend of Shiva and Vishnu. Dating back to the 11th century, this 1000-year-old temple is a masterpiece of Kalinga-style architecture.
The temple complex comprises 150 shrines, with the main sanctum rising to 54 metres (177 feet). Its soaring curvilinear spire, flanked by intricate carvings of deities, celestial beings, and mythical creatures, is a marvel to behold. Inside, the sacred Shiva Lingam is bathed in holy water from the Bindusagar Lake, which is believed to have divine properties.
One of the most spectacular times to visit Lingaraj Temple is during Maha Shivaratri, when the entire complex is illuminated with lamps and resounds with devotional chants. However, as non-Hindus are not allowed inside, visitors can admire the architectural grandeur from an outside platform.
Why Visit? To witness Odisha’s grandest temple, steeped in history and architectural finesse.
2. Sun Temple, Konark – A Celestial Marvel
Photo © Katherine Goh
Though located 35 km from Bhubaneswar, the Sun Temple at Konark is an unmissable masterpiece. Built in the 13th century by King Narasimhadeva I, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a poetic tribute to the Sun God, Surya. Designed as a colossal chariot of the Sun God, the temple is supported by 24 intricately carved wheels, each symbolising a different hour of the day.
The sheer scale and intricacy of the temple’s architecture are awe-inspiring. The stone-carved wheels, sun motifs, celestial dancers, and erotic sculptures depict the artistic brilliance of the era. Although the main sanctum is now in ruins, the towering entrance and surviving carvings remain a testimony to Odisha’s architectural grandeur.
One of the most remarkable aspects of the Sun Temple is its astronomical precision—the temple was built in such a way that the first rays of the sun would fall directly on the sanctum. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an art lover, or a photographer, this temple will leave you spellbound.
Why Visit? To admire a UNESCO-listed architectural marvel dedicated to the Sun God.
3. Mukteshwar Temple – The Gem of Odisha’s Architecture
Often referred to as the “Gem of Odisha’s Architecture,” Mukteshwar Temple is a small yet architecturally refined shrine dedicated to Lord Shiva. Dating back to the 10th century, this temple is renowned for its ornate torana (arched gateway), which is unlike anything else found in Odisha.
The torana, adorned with intricate carvings of celestial beings and mythical creatures, exhibits a fusion of Buddhist, Jain, and Hindu architectural elements. Inside, the temple’s walls are covered in detailed sculptures of sages, dancers, and deities, reflecting the artistic finesse of the period.
Unlike many grand temples, Mukteshwar Temple exudes a serene and intimate atmosphere, making it a perfect place for quiet contemplation. The temple is also significant as it marks the transition from the early to the later phases of Kalinga temple architecture.
Why Visit? To experience the most artistically refined example of Kalinga temple architecture.
4. Udayagiri Caves – The Rock-Cut Wonders
Photo © Katherine Goh
While not a temple in the traditional sense, the Udayagiri Caves hold immense historical and spiritual significance. Located on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar, these rock-cut caves date back to the 2nd century BCE and are some of the earliest examples of Jain and Hindu monastic dwellings in India.
Carved into the sandstone hills, the caves are adorned with exquisite reliefs, inscriptions, and depictions of Jain Tirthankaras, Hindu deities, and royal processions. Among the 18 caves in Udayagiri, the Rani Gumpha (Queen’s Cave) stands out for its elaborate sculptural embellishments and double-storeyed chambers. Another notable cave, Hathi Gumpha, contains an important inscription detailing the achievements of King Kharavela.
The Udayagiri Caves, along with the nearby Khandagiri Caves, offer a fascinating glimpse into Odisha’s early religious history, blending spirituality with architectural ingenuity.
Why Visit? To explore ancient rock-cut caves with remarkable carvings and historical inscriptions.
5. Rajarani Temple – The Temple of Love and Music
Photo © Amartyabag | Creative Commons CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
A striking departure from traditional Shiva or Vishnu temples, Rajarani Temple is unique in that it has no deity enshrined within its sanctum. Built in the 11th century, it is believed to have once been dedicated to Lord Shiva. However, what truly sets Rajarani Temple apart is its sculptural beauty and the erotic carvings reminiscent of Khajuraho’s temples.
The temple gets its name from the reddish-gold sandstone, known locally as “Rajarani” stone, used in its construction. The exquisite carvings of celestial maidens, dancing women, and musicians lend the temple a distinctly artistic appeal.
Rajarani Temple is especially enchanting at sunset, when the golden hues of the stone seem to glow in the fading light. If you visit in January, don’t miss the Rajarani Music Festival, a classical music event that turns this heritage site into an ethereal stage for India’s finest musicians.
Why Visit? To admire stunning stone carvings and experience a temple steeped in artistic elegance.
Bhubaneswar is a city where every stone whispers tales of devotion and history. Whether you are drawn to the grandeur of Lingaraj Temple, the celestial aura of the Sun Temple, or the artistic finesse of Mukteshwar and Rajarani Temples, each shrine offers a unique journey into Odisha’s rich spiritual and architectural heritage. For a truly immersive experience, plan your visit during one of the major temple festivals, such as Maha Shivaratri or Rath Yatra, when these ancient sites come alive with rituals, music, and lights.
